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| author |   Grant Goodyear <g2boojum@gentoo.org> | 2001-06-23 21:58:02 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Grant Goodyear <g2boojum@gentoo.org> | 2001-06-23 21:58:02 +0000 |
| commit | bc993b64cd0316182c345a3ebc1e60b9411d80ac (patch) | |
| tree | 315216c221877142275f13171f089bdca0d4f50c /app-doc | |
| parent | various fixes (diff) | |
| download | gentoo-2-bc993b64cd0316182c345a3ebc1e60b9411d80ac.tar.gz gentoo-2-bc993b64cd0316182c345a3ebc1e60b9411d80ac.tar.bz2 gentoo-2-bc993b64cd0316182c345a3ebc1e60b9411d80ac.zip | |
Start of Gentoo Linux Desktop howto.
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| -rw-r--r-- | app-doc/gentoo-web/files/xml/desktop.xml | 387 |
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diff --git a/app-doc/gentoo-web/files/xml/desktop.xml b/app-doc/gentoo-web/files/xml/desktop.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..be5e85c46aae --- /dev/null +++ b/app-doc/gentoo-web/files/xml/desktop.xml @@ -0,0 +1,387 @@ +<?xml version='1.0'?> +<guide link="/doc/desktop.html"> +<title>Gentoo Linux Desktop Configuration Guide</title> +<author title="Editor"><mail link="g2boojum@gentoo.org">Grant Goodyear</mail></author> + +<abstract> + This guide shows you configure Gentoo Linux to be a full-purpose + desktop system. Specifically, we walk through installing and + configuring X, KDE, OSS and alsa (sound), postfix (electronic mail), + cups (printing), + and samba (unix/windows interoperability). +</abstract> + +<version>0.1</version> +<date>22 June 2001</date> + +<chapter> +<title>Preliminaries</title> +<section> +<body> +<p>Needless to say, you first need to have Gentoo Linux installed +(<uri>http://www.gentoo.org/doc/install.html</uri>). Having finished +that rather enjoyable process, you also need to download the <e>Portage</e> +tree. You really should read the Portage User Guide +(<uri>http://www.gentoo.org/doc/portage-user.html</uri>), but if you're +in a hurry you just need to type: +</p> +<pre># <c>emerge rsync</c></pre> +<p>A quick note is in order about the packages that I have chosen to +discuss here. Gentoo Linux has a considerable wealth of window managers, +mail transport agents, etcetera that can easily be installed. The specific +packages that I have chosen to cover are not preferred by Gentoo Linux, they +are simply packages that the author likes and/or knows how to configure. +In other words, they're the packages on the author's own desktop.</p> +</body> +</section> +</chapter> + +<chapter> +<title>X and KDE</title> + +<section> +<title>Installation</title> +<body> +<p> +Having installed Gentoo Linux and updated Portage, +my first task is generally to install X +and KDE. X takes forever to compile, and KDE takes even longer, +so I highly recommend doing this right before going to bed. +</p> +<p> +It's always useful to use the <c>--pretend</c> flag before doing +an <c>emerge</c> to see what dependencies are going to be installed, and in our +case it's quite a lot. +</p> +<pre> +# <c>cd /usr/portage/kde-base/kdebase</c> +# <c>emerge --pretend kdebase-2.1.1-r1.ebuild</c> + +These are the packages that I would merge, in order. + +Calculating dependencies............... done! +[ebuild N ] media-sound/cdparanoia-3.9.8 to / +[ebuild N ] media-libs/jpeg-6b-r2 to / +[ebuild N ] media-libs/tiff-3.5.6_beta to / +[ebuild N ] x11-base/xfree-4.1.0 to / +[ebuild N ] x11-libs/openmotif-2.1.30-r1 to / +[ebuild N ] media-libs/alsa-lib-0.5.10-r1 to / +[ebuild N ] media-libs/mesa-glu-3.4.2 to / +[ebuild N ] kde-base/kde-env-2.1 to / +[ebuild N ] media-libs/lcms-1.06 to / +[ebuild N ] media-libs/libmng-1.0.1 to / +[ebuild N ] media-libs/audiofile-0.2.1 to / +[ebuild N ] media-libs/libpng-1.0.11 to / +[ebuild N ] x11-libs/qt-x11-2.3.0 to / +[ebuild N ] app-text/sgml-common-0.6.1 to / +[ebuild N ] kde-base/kdelibs-2.1.2 to / +[ebuild N ] kde-base/kdebase-2.1.1-r1 to / + +# <c>emerge kdebase-2.1.1-r1.ebuild</c> +</pre> +<p>Have a nice nap!</p> +</body> +</section> + +<section> +<title>Configuring</title> +<body> +<p> +I like using the console-based <c>xf86config</c> program to configure X. +Before you start, you'll need to know the horizontal and vertical refresh +rates of your monitor (my viewsonic G773 has Horizontal: 30-69 KHz, +Vertical: 55-90 KHz), the type and amount of ram (in KB) of your video card +(a 32768 KB GeForce card, in my case), and the type and device of your +mouse (an intellimouse plugged into the ps/2 port <path>/dev/psaux</path>). +</p> +<pre># <c>xf86config</c></pre> +<figure link="../images/xf86config.png" short="xf86config image"/> +<p>Because I have a three-button mouse I choose not to enable +3-button emulation. I don't add any additional XKB keyboard options +because I don't know what any of them do. You'll have to guess at +a screen resolution and pixel depth that you'll like. I happen +to like 1280x1024 at 24bpp on my viewsonic, but that's only because it +doesn't work at a higher resolution. If you've never done this before, +don't be surprised if you end up running <c>xf86config</c> multiple +times.</p> + +<note>If you don't know the refresh rates of your monitor, try doing a +google search, <uri>http://www.google.com</uri>, on the model number and +manufacturer of your monitor. The refresh rates are generally given as +part of the monitor specs.</note> + +<warn>If you're an X-configuring veteran, you may be used to making +a symbolic link from your mouse device to <path>/dev/mouse</path>. If +you are using <c>devfs</c> you may be unpleasantly surprised to discover +that your link is not preserved upon rebooting.</warn> + +<pre># <c>startx</c></pre> +<p>If you configured X properly, running <c>startx</c> should start an +amazingly ugly X window manager (twm, to be specific). If X comes up, +you're good to go. Hit <c><ctrl><alt><backspace></c> +to kill the X server.</p> + +<p>If you have a wheel mouse you'll want to edit the XF86Config file +by hand:</p> +<pre> +# <c>cp /etc/X11/XF86Config /etc/X11/XF86Config.working</c> +# <c>vim /etc/X11/XF86Config</c></pre> +<figure link="../images/XF86Configalt.png" short="XF86Config file"/> +<p>Because I have an intellimouse I changed the "Protocol" from +"PS/2" to "IMPS/2". Getting the wheel to scroll just requires +adding the 'Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"' line, where '4' and '5' +correspond to mouse wheel up and mouse wheel down. +</p> +<note>Netscape 4.x won't scroll with the wheel by default; you'll need +to create an .Xdefaults file first. See +<uri>http://www-sop.inria.fr/koala/colas/mouse-wheel-scroll/</uri> +for instructions. Better yet, use <c>konqueror</c>, <c>opera</c>, +<c>mozilla</c>, <c>galeon</c>, or some other real browser.</note> + +<p>Run <c>startx</c> again just to make sure that X still comes up. +Assuming that it does, kill X and we'll start a real window manager +instead. First, though, we need to fix a minor KDE bug. +</p> +<pre># <c>vim /opt/kde2.1/bin/startkde</c></pre> +<figure link="../images/startkde.png" short="startkde image"/> +<p>By adding <e>--login</e> to the end of the <e>#! /bin/sh</e> line +we ensure that KDE will read <path>/etc/profile</path> when starting +up a terminal.</p> + +<p>Because Achim, Gentoo Linux's lead package guru, is a genius, the +KDE ebuild configures KDE quite well all by itself. The KDM display +manager should work just by starting it.</p> +<pre># <c>kdm</c></pre> +<p>You should be able to log in and see KDE in full working order. +Of course sound shouldn't be working yet, so you miss the annoying +KDE start-up sound, but we'll fix that in a moment. Open a +konsole, type <c>ls /usr/bin</c> (or anything else that more than fills +the konsole window), and see if the mouse wheel lets +you scroll up and down in the konsole window. It really should +work!</p> + +<p>All that's left is to make sure that X comes up when Gentoo boots. +Edit <path>/etc/rc.d/config/basic</path> so that +<e>DISPLAYMANAGER="kdm"</e>. Now we just need to make sure that the +<e>xdm</e> start-up script is read when booting runlevel 4 (Gentoo's +default runlevel for X) and change <path>/etc/inittab</path> so that +runlevel 4 is the default runlevel.</p> +<pre> +# <c>rc-update add xdm</c> +# <c>vim /etc/inittab</c> +</pre> +<figure link="../images/inittab.png" short="inittab image"/> +<p>Reboot, and see if X comes up!</p> + +</body> +</section> +</chapter> + +<chapter> +<title>Sound</title> +<section> +<title>Standard Kernel Sound Modules</title> +<body> +<p>Out of the box, Gentoo Linux doesn't support the standard +kernel modules. You'll have to recompile the kernel.</p> +<pre> +# <c>cd /usr/portage/sys-kernel/linux-sources</c> +# <c>emerge linux-sources-x.y.z.ebuild</c> +</pre> +<p>The linux-sources ebuild installs the sources into /usr/src, +and you can then compile the kernel (and your sound module) +in the usual manner +(<uri>http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html</uri>). +If you choose to compile the sound driver as a module (not +compile it directly into the kernel), they you need to add +the module name (without the .o extension) to +<path>/etc/rc.d/config/modules</path>.</p> +<p> +Reboot the machine. With any luck the appropriate sound driver +should now be loaded. To actually produce sound, a few more steps +are required. +</p> +<pre> +# <c>cd /dev</c> +# <c>./MAKEDEV audio</c> +# +# <c>cat /opt/kde2.1/share/sounds/pop.wav > /dev/dsp</c> +# <c>cd /usr/portage/media-sound/sox</c> +# <c>emerge sox-x.y.z.ebuild</c> +# <c>play /opt/kde2.1/share/sounds/pop.wav</c> +</pre> +<p> +If any sound at all results from cat'ing the .wav file to +<path>/dev/dsp</path>, then sound is probably working. +By emerge'ing sox one can use the <c>play</c> command to +play .wav files (and, unlike using <c>cat</c>, the .wav file +should sound good when using <c>play</c>). +</p> +<warn>I found that when running <e>devfs</e> the /dev/MAKEDEV script +would be missing. Help?</warn> +</body> +</section> +<section> +<title>Alsa</title> +<body> +<p>Gentoo Linux does support Alsa for sound using the default kernel. +Alsa can be run with or without <e>devfs</e>. I am going to assume +here that you have <e>devfs</e> enabled; if you don't then please +see the Gentoo FAQ: +<uri>http://www.gentoo.org/doc/faq.html</uri>. +</p> +<pre> +# <c>vim /etc/rc.d/config/modules</c> +</pre> +<figure link="../images/modules.png" short="modules fig"/> +<p> +You'll want to replace <e>snd-card-ens1371</e> with the +appropriate sound card for your system. Look in +<path>/lib/modules/[kernel version]/misc/</path> +for a list of modules. +</p> +<warn> +Whatever you do, don't add kernel modules to +<path>/etc/modules.conf</path>. The <path>/etc/modules.conf</path> +file is autogenerated at boot time, so any changes made there will +be lost. +</warn> +<p>Now we set up the <e>kerneld</e> aliases.</p> +<pre> +# <c>vim /etc/modules/2.4.4-ac5</c> +</pre> +<figure link="../images/kmod.png" short="kmod fig"/> +<p> +Again, you'll want to replace <e>snd-card-ens1371</e> with +your sound card. +</p> +<p>We still have to help out <e>devfs</e>, however. +Add the following to <path>/etc/devfsd.conf</path>.</p> +<pre> +# <c>vim /etc/devfsd.conf</c> +</pre> +<figure link="../images/devfsd.png" short="devfsd image"/> +<p> +Reboot, and all of the sound stuff should be loaded. You won't +hear any sound yet, though, because alsa keeps all sound channels +muted by default. +</p> +<pre> +# <c>cd /usr/portage/media-sound/alsa-utils</c> +# <c>emerge alsa-utils-x.y.z.ebuild</c> +# <c>amixer</c> + +Group 'Input Gain',0 + Capabilities: volume mute jointly-mute + Channels: Front-Left Front-Right + Limits: min = 0, max = 15 + Front-Left: 11 [73%] [mute] [---] + Front-Right: 11 [73%] [mute] [---] +Group 'Master Mono',0 + Capabilities: volume mute capture exclusive-capture + Capture exclusive group: 1 + Channels: Front-Left Front-Right + Limits: min = 0, max = 31 + Front-Left: 23 [74%] [mute] [---] + Front-Right: 23 [74%] [mute] [---] +Group 'Headphone',0 + Capabilities: volume mute jointly-mute + Channels: Front-Left Front-Right + Limits: min = 0, max = 31 + Front-Left: 0 [0%] [mute] [---] + Front-Right: 0 [0%] [mute] [---] +Group 'Master',0 + Capabilities: volume mute jointly-mute capture exclusive-capture + Capture exclusive group: 1 + Channels: Front-Left Front-Right + Limits: min = 0, max = 63 + Front-Left: 50 [79%] [mute] [---] + Front-Right: 50 [79%] [mute] [---] +<e>[chopped for brevity]</e> + +# <c>amixer set Master 100 unmute</c> +# <c>amixer set PCM 100 unmute</c> +# <c>aplay /opt/kde2.1/share/sounds/pop.wav</c> +</pre> +<p> +After installing the alsa utilities we used <c>amixer</c> to +unmute the Master and PCM sound channels and to set their volume +to 100%. We check to see if sound is working by using the +<c>aplay</c> (alsa play) command. If you hear a pop, then sound +is indeed working. +</p> +</body> +</section> +<section> +<title>Sound and KDE</title> +<body> +<p> +KDE has some nice sound utilities, including the KDE sound mixer +<c>kmix</c>. +</p> +<pre> +# <c>cd /usr/portage/kde-apps/kdemultimedia</c> +# <c>emerge kdemultimedia-x.y.z.ebuild</c> +# <c>kmix</c> +</pre> +<note>If kmix cannot find a mixer, then it probably thinks you don't +have sound support. Log out and remove ~/.kde and ~/Desktop (the latter +may not be necessary), then log in again. This time it should find +the sound mixer properly. +</note> +</body> +</section> +</chapter> + +<chapter> +<title>Mail</title> +<section> +<title>Postfix -- Install and Configure</title> +<body> +<p> +Coming soon! +</p> +</body> +</section> +<section> +<title>Postfix Testing (with Mutt)</title> +<body> +<p> +Coming soon! +</p> +</body> +</section> +</chapter> + +<chapter> +<title>Printing</title> +<section> +<title>Simple printing -- PDQ</title> +<body> +<p> +Coming soon! +</p> +</body> +</section> +<section> +<title>Full-fledged printing -- CUPS</title> +<body> +<p> +Coming soon! +</p> +</body> +</section> +</chapter> + +<chapter> +<title>Samba</title> +<section> +<body> +<p> +Coming soon! +</p> +</body> +</section> +</chapter> + +</guide> |