1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
|
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<guide link="/doc/desktop.html">
<title>Gentoo Linux Desktop Configuration Guide</title>
<author title="Editor"><mail link="g2boojum@gentoo.org">Grant Goodyear</mail></author>
<abstract>
This guide shows you configure Gentoo Linux to be a full-purpose
desktop system. Specifically, we walk through installing and
configuring X, KDE, OSS and alsa (sound), postfix (electronic mail),
cups (printing),
and samba (unix/windows interoperability).
</abstract>
<version>0.1</version>
<date>22 June 2001</date>
<chapter>
<title>Preliminaries</title>
<section>
<body>
<p>Needless to say, you first need to have Gentoo Linux installed
(<uri>http://www.gentoo.org/doc/install.html</uri>). Having finished
that rather enjoyable process, you also need to download the <e>Portage</e>
tree. You really should read the Portage User Guide
(<uri>http://www.gentoo.org/doc/portage-user.html</uri>), but if you're
in a hurry you just need to type:
</p>
<pre># <c>emerge rsync</c></pre>
<p>A quick note is in order about the packages that I have chosen to
discuss here. Gentoo Linux has a considerable wealth of window managers,
mail transport agents, etcetera that can easily be installed. The specific
packages that I have chosen to cover are not preferred by Gentoo Linux, they
are simply packages that the author likes and/or knows how to configure.
In other words, they're the packages on the author's own desktop.</p>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>X and KDE</title>
<section>
<title>Installation</title>
<body>
<p>
Having installed Gentoo Linux and updated Portage,
my first task is generally to install X
and KDE. X takes forever to compile, and KDE takes even longer,
so I highly recommend doing this right before going to bed.
</p>
<p>
It's always useful to use the <c>--pretend</c> flag before doing
an <c>emerge</c> to see what dependencies are going to be installed, and in our
case it's quite a lot.
</p>
<pre>
# <c>cd /usr/portage/kde-base/kdebase</c>
# <c>emerge --pretend kdebase-2.1.1-r1.ebuild</c>
These are the packages that I would merge, in order.
Calculating dependencies............... done!
[ebuild N ] media-sound/cdparanoia-3.9.8 to /
[ebuild N ] media-libs/jpeg-6b-r2 to /
[ebuild N ] media-libs/tiff-3.5.6_beta to /
[ebuild N ] x11-base/xfree-4.1.0 to /
[ebuild N ] x11-libs/openmotif-2.1.30-r1 to /
[ebuild N ] media-libs/alsa-lib-0.5.10-r1 to /
[ebuild N ] media-libs/mesa-glu-3.4.2 to /
[ebuild N ] kde-base/kde-env-2.1 to /
[ebuild N ] media-libs/lcms-1.06 to /
[ebuild N ] media-libs/libmng-1.0.1 to /
[ebuild N ] media-libs/audiofile-0.2.1 to /
[ebuild N ] media-libs/libpng-1.0.11 to /
[ebuild N ] x11-libs/qt-x11-2.3.0 to /
[ebuild N ] app-text/sgml-common-0.6.1 to /
[ebuild N ] kde-base/kdelibs-2.1.2 to /
[ebuild N ] kde-base/kdebase-2.1.1-r1 to /
# <c>emerge kdebase-2.1.1-r1.ebuild</c>
</pre>
<p>Have a nice nap!</p>
</body>
</section>
<section>
<title>Configuring</title>
<body>
<p>
I like using the console-based <c>xf86config</c> program to configure X.
Before you start, you'll need to know the horizontal and vertical refresh
rates of your monitor (my viewsonic G773 has Horizontal: 30-69 KHz,
Vertical: 55-90 KHz), the type and amount of ram (in KB) of your video card
(a 32768 KB GeForce card, in my case), and the type and device of your
mouse (an intellimouse plugged into the ps/2 port <path>/dev/psaux</path>).
</p>
<pre># <c>xf86config</c></pre>
<figure link="../images/xf86config.png" short="xf86config image"/>
<p>Because I have a three-button mouse I choose not to enable
3-button emulation. I don't add any additional XKB keyboard options
because I don't know what any of them do. You'll have to guess at
a screen resolution and pixel depth that you'll like. I happen
to like 1280x1024 at 24bpp on my viewsonic, but that's only because it
doesn't work at a higher resolution. If you've never done this before,
don't be surprised if you end up running <c>xf86config</c> multiple
times.</p>
<note>If you don't know the refresh rates of your monitor, try doing a
google search, <uri>http://www.google.com</uri>, on the model number and
manufacturer of your monitor. The refresh rates are generally given as
part of the monitor specs.</note>
<warn>If you're an X-configuring veteran, you may be used to making
a symbolic link from your mouse device to <path>/dev/mouse</path>. If
you are using <c>devfs</c> you may be unpleasantly surprised to discover
that your link is not preserved upon rebooting.</warn>
<pre># <c>startx</c></pre>
<p>If you configured X properly, running <c>startx</c> should start an
amazingly ugly X window manager (twm, to be specific). If X comes up,
you're good to go. Hit <c><ctrl><alt><backspace></c>
to kill the X server.</p>
<p>If you have a wheel mouse you'll want to edit the XF86Config file
by hand:</p>
<pre>
# <c>cp /etc/X11/XF86Config /etc/X11/XF86Config.working</c>
# <c>vim /etc/X11/XF86Config</c></pre>
<figure link="../images/XF86Configalt.png" short="XF86Config file"/>
<p>Because I have an intellimouse I changed the "Protocol" from
"PS/2" to "IMPS/2". Getting the wheel to scroll just requires
adding the 'Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"' line, where '4' and '5'
correspond to mouse wheel up and mouse wheel down.
</p>
<note>Netscape 4.x won't scroll with the wheel by default; you'll need
to create an .Xdefaults file first. See
<uri>http://www-sop.inria.fr/koala/colas/mouse-wheel-scroll/</uri>
for instructions. Better yet, use <c>konqueror</c>, <c>opera</c>,
<c>mozilla</c>, <c>galeon</c>, or some other real browser.</note>
<p>Run <c>startx</c> again just to make sure that X still comes up.
Assuming that it does, kill X and we'll start a real window manager
instead. First, though, we need to fix a minor KDE bug.
</p>
<pre># <c>vim /opt/kde2.1/bin/startkde</c></pre>
<figure link="../images/startkde.png" short="startkde image"/>
<p>By adding <e>--login</e> to the end of the <e>#! /bin/sh</e> line
we ensure that KDE will read <path>/etc/profile</path> when starting
up a terminal.</p>
<p>Because Achim, Gentoo Linux's lead package guru, is a genius, the
KDE ebuild configures KDE quite well all by itself. The KDM display
manager should work just by starting it.</p>
<pre># <c>kdm</c></pre>
<p>You should be able to log in and see KDE in full working order.
Of course sound shouldn't be working yet, so you miss the annoying
KDE start-up sound, but we'll fix that in a moment. Open a
konsole, type <c>ls /usr/bin</c> (or anything else that more than fills
the konsole window), and see if the mouse wheel lets
you scroll up and down in the konsole window. It really should
work!</p>
<p>All that's left is to make sure that X comes up when Gentoo boots.
Edit <path>/etc/rc.d/config/basic</path> so that
<e>DISPLAYMANAGER="kdm"</e>. Now we just need to make sure that the
<e>xdm</e> start-up script is read when booting runlevel 4 (Gentoo's
default runlevel for X) and change <path>/etc/inittab</path> so that
runlevel 4 is the default runlevel.</p>
<pre>
# <c>rc-update add xdm</c>
# <c>vim /etc/inittab</c>
</pre>
<figure link="../images/inittab.png" short="inittab image"/>
<p>Reboot, and see if X comes up!</p>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>Sound</title>
<section>
<title>Standard Kernel Sound Modules</title>
<body>
<p>Out of the box, Gentoo Linux doesn't support the standard
kernel modules. You'll have to recompile the kernel.</p>
<pre>
# <c>cd /usr/portage/sys-kernel/linux-sources</c>
# <c>emerge linux-sources-x.y.z.ebuild</c>
</pre>
<p>The linux-sources ebuild installs the sources into /usr/src,
and you can then compile the kernel (and your sound module)
in the usual manner
(<uri>http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html</uri>).
If you choose to compile the sound driver as a module (not
compile it directly into the kernel), they you need to add
the module name (without the .o extension) to
<path>/etc/rc.d/config/modules</path>.</p>
<p>
Reboot the machine. With any luck the appropriate sound driver
should now be loaded. To actually produce sound, a few more steps
are required.
</p>
<pre>
# <c>cd /dev</c>
# <c>./MAKEDEV audio</c>
#
# <c>cat /opt/kde2.1/share/sounds/pop.wav > /dev/dsp</c>
# <c>cd /usr/portage/media-sound/sox</c>
# <c>emerge sox-x.y.z.ebuild</c>
# <c>play /opt/kde2.1/share/sounds/pop.wav</c>
</pre>
<p>
If any sound at all results from cat'ing the .wav file to
<path>/dev/dsp</path>, then sound is probably working.
By emerge'ing sox one can use the <c>play</c> command to
play .wav files (and, unlike using <c>cat</c>, the .wav file
should sound good when using <c>play</c>).
</p>
<warn>I found that when running <e>devfs</e> the /dev/MAKEDEV script
would be missing. Help?</warn>
</body>
</section>
<section>
<title>Alsa</title>
<body>
<p>Gentoo Linux does support Alsa for sound using the default kernel.
Alsa can be run with or without <e>devfs</e>. I am going to assume
here that you have <e>devfs</e> enabled; if you don't then please
see the Gentoo FAQ:
<uri>http://www.gentoo.org/doc/faq.html</uri>.
</p>
<pre>
# <c>vim /etc/rc.d/config/modules</c>
</pre>
<figure link="../images/modules.png" short="modules fig"/>
<p>
You'll want to replace <e>snd-card-ens1371</e> with the
appropriate sound card for your system. Look in
<path>/lib/modules/[kernel version]/misc/</path>
for a list of modules.
</p>
<warn>
Whatever you do, don't add kernel modules to
<path>/etc/modules.conf</path>. The <path>/etc/modules.conf</path>
file is autogenerated at boot time, so any changes made there will
be lost.
</warn>
<p>Now we set up the <e>kerneld</e> aliases.</p>
<pre>
# <c>vim /etc/modules/2.4.4-ac5</c>
</pre>
<figure link="../images/kmod.png" short="kmod fig"/>
<p>
Again, you'll want to replace <e>snd-card-ens1371</e> with
your sound card.
</p>
<p>We still have to help out <e>devfs</e>, however.
Add the following to <path>/etc/devfsd.conf</path>.</p>
<pre>
# <c>vim /etc/devfsd.conf</c>
</pre>
<figure link="../images/devfsd.png" short="devfsd image"/>
<p>
Reboot, and all of the sound stuff should be loaded. You won't
hear any sound yet, though, because alsa keeps all sound channels
muted by default.
</p>
<pre>
# <c>cd /usr/portage/media-sound/alsa-utils</c>
# <c>emerge alsa-utils-x.y.z.ebuild</c>
# <c>amixer</c>
Group 'Input Gain',0
Capabilities: volume mute jointly-mute
Channels: Front-Left Front-Right
Limits: min = 0, max = 15
Front-Left: 11 [73%] [mute] [---]
Front-Right: 11 [73%] [mute] [---]
Group 'Master Mono',0
Capabilities: volume mute capture exclusive-capture
Capture exclusive group: 1
Channels: Front-Left Front-Right
Limits: min = 0, max = 31
Front-Left: 23 [74%] [mute] [---]
Front-Right: 23 [74%] [mute] [---]
Group 'Headphone',0
Capabilities: volume mute jointly-mute
Channels: Front-Left Front-Right
Limits: min = 0, max = 31
Front-Left: 0 [0%] [mute] [---]
Front-Right: 0 [0%] [mute] [---]
Group 'Master',0
Capabilities: volume mute jointly-mute capture exclusive-capture
Capture exclusive group: 1
Channels: Front-Left Front-Right
Limits: min = 0, max = 63
Front-Left: 50 [79%] [mute] [---]
Front-Right: 50 [79%] [mute] [---]
<e>[chopped for brevity]</e>
# <c>amixer set Master 100 unmute</c>
# <c>amixer set PCM 100 unmute</c>
# <c>aplay /opt/kde2.1/share/sounds/pop.wav</c>
</pre>
<p>
After installing the alsa utilities we used <c>amixer</c> to
unmute the Master and PCM sound channels and to set their volume
to 100%. We check to see if sound is working by using the
<c>aplay</c> (alsa play) command. If you hear a pop, then sound
is indeed working.
</p>
</body>
</section>
<section>
<title>Sound and KDE</title>
<body>
<p>
KDE has some nice sound utilities, including the KDE sound mixer
<c>kmix</c>.
</p>
<pre>
# <c>cd /usr/portage/kde-apps/kdemultimedia</c>
# <c>emerge kdemultimedia-x.y.z.ebuild</c>
# <c>kmix</c>
</pre>
<note>If kmix cannot find a mixer, then it probably thinks you don't
have sound support. Log out and remove ~/.kde and ~/Desktop (the latter
may not be necessary), then log in again. This time it should find
the sound mixer properly.
</note>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>Mail</title>
<section>
<title>Postfix -- Install and Configure</title>
<body>
<p>
Coming soon!
</p>
</body>
</section>
<section>
<title>Postfix Testing (with Mutt)</title>
<body>
<p>
Coming soon!
</p>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>Printing</title>
<section>
<title>Simple printing -- PDQ</title>
<body>
<p>
Coming soon!
</p>
</body>
</section>
<section>
<title>Full-fledged printing -- CUPS</title>
<body>
<p>
Coming soon!
</p>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>Samba</title>
<section>
<body>
<p>
Coming soon!
</p>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
</guide>
|
GitWeb