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<?xml version='1.0' encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd">
<guide link="/proj/en/hardened/capabilities.xml">
<title>POSIX Capabilities</title>
<author title="Author">
<mail link="solar@gentoo.org">solar</mail>
</author>
<author title="Contributor">
<mail link="tocharian@gentoo.org">Adam Mondl</mail>
</author>
<abstract>
POSIX capabilities are a partitioning of the all powerful root privilege into a
set of distinct privileges
</abstract>
<version>1.2</version>
<date>2005-01-22</date>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_CHOWN</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_CHOWN">
<i>CAP_CHOWN</i>
In a system with the [_POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED] option defined,
this overrides the restriction of changing file ownership and
group ownership.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE">
<i>CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE</i>
Override all DAC access, including ACL execute access
if [_POSIX_ACL] is defined.
Excluding DAC access covered by CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH">
<i>CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH</i>
Overrides all DAC restrictions, regarding read and search on files
and directories, including ACL restrictions, if [_POSIX_ACL] is
defined. Excluding DAC access covered by CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_FOWNER</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_FOWNER">
<i>CAP_FOWNER</i>
Overrides all restrictions about allowed operations on files, where
file owner ID must be equal to the user ID, except where CAP_FSETID
is applicable. It doesn't override MAC and DAC restrictions.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_FSETID</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_FSETID">
<i>CAP_FSETID</i>
Overrides the following restrictions, that the effective user ID shall
match the file owner ID, when setting the S_ISUID and S_ISGID bits on
that file; that the effective group ID (or one of the supplementary
group IDs) shall match the file owner ID when setting the S_ISGID bit
on that file; that the S_ISUID and S_ISGID bits are cleared on
successful return from chown(2) (not implemented).
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_FS_MASK</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_FS_MASK">
<i>CAP_FS_MASK</i>
Used to decide between falling back on the old suser() or fsuser().
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_KILL</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_KILL">
<i>CAP_KILL</i>
Overrides the restriction, that the real or effective user ID of a process,
sending a signal, must match the real or effective user ID of the process,
receiving the signal.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_SETGID</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_SETGID">
<i>CAP_SETGID</i>
Allows setgid(2) manipulation;
Allows setgroups(2);
Allows forged gids on socket credentials passing.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_SETUID</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_SETUID">
<i>CAP_SETUID</i>
Allows set*uid(2) manipulation (including fsuid);
Allows forged pids on socket credentials passing.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_SETPCAP</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_SETPCAP">
<i>CAP_SETPCAP</i>
Transfer any capability in your permitted set to any pid, remove any capability in your permitted set from any pid.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE">
<i>CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE</i>
Allow modification of S_IMMUTABLE and S_APPEND file attributes.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE">
<i>CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE</i>
Allows binding to TCP/UDP sockets below 1024;
Allows binding to ATM VCIs below 32.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_NET_BROADCAST</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_NET_BROADCAST">
<i>CAP_NET_BROADCAST</i>
Allow broadcasting, listen to multicast.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_NET_ADMIN</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_NET_ADMIN">
<i>CAP_NET_ADMIN</i>
Allow interface configuration;
Allow administration of IP firewall, masquerading and accounting;
Allow setting debug option on sockets;
Allow modification of routing tables;
Allow setting arbitrary process / process group ownership on sockets;
Allow binding to any address for transparent proxying;
Allow setting TOS (type of service);
Allow setting promiscuous mode;
Allow clearing driver statistics;
Allow multicasting;
Allow read/write of devicespecific registers;
Allow activation of ATM control sockets.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_NET_RAW</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_NET_RAW">
<i>CAP_NET_RAW</i>
Allow use of RAW sockets;
Allow use of PACKET sockets.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_IPC_LOCK</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_IPC_LOCK">
<i>CAP_IPC_LOCK</i>
Allow locking of shared memory segments;
Allow mlock and mlockall (which doesn't really have anything to do with IPC).
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_IPC_OWNER</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_IPC_OWNER">
<i>CAP_IPC_OWNER</i>
Override IPC ownership checks.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_SYS_MODULE</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_SYS_MODULE">
<i>CAP_SYS_MODULE</i>
Insert and remove kernel modules modify kernel without limit;
Modify cap_bset.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_SYS_RAWIO</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_SYS_RAWIO">
<i>CAP_SYS_RAWIO</i>
Allow ioperm/iopl access;
Allow sending USB messages to any device via /proc/bus/usb.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_SYS_CHROOT</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_SYS_CHROOT">
<i>CAP_SYS_CHROOT</i>
Allow use of chroot().
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_SYS_PTRACE</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_SYS_PTRACE">
<i>CAP_SYS_PTRACE</i>
Allow ptrace() of any process.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_SYS_PACCT</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_SYS_PACCT">
<i>CAP_SYS_PACCT</i>
Allow configuration of process accounting.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_SYS_ADMIN</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_SYS_ADMIN">
<i>CAP_SYS_ADMIN</i>
Allow configuration of the secure attention key;
Allow administration of the random device;
Allow examination and configuration of disk quotas;
Allow configuring the kernel's syslog (printk behaviour);
Allow setting the domainname;
Allow setting the hostname;
Allow calling bdflush();
Allow mount() and umount(), setting up new smb connection;
Allow some autofs root ioctls;
Allow nfsservctl; Allow VM86_REQUEST_IRQ;
Allow to read/write pci config on alpha; Allow irix_prctl on mips (setstacksize);
Allow flushing all cache on m68k (sys_cacheflush);
Allow removing semaphores; Used instead of CAP_CHOWN to "chown" IPC message queues, semaphores and shared memory;
Allow locking/unlocking of shared memory segment;
Allow turning swap on/off;
Allow forged pids on socket credentials passing;
Allow setting readahead and flushing buffers on block devices;
Allow setting geometry in floppy driver;
Allow turning DMA on/off in xd driver;
Allow administration of md devices (mostly the above, but some extra ioctls);
Allow tuning the ide driver;
Allow access to the nvram device;
Allow administration of apm_bios, serial and bttv (TV) device;
Allow manufacturer commands in isdn CAPI support driver;
Allow reading nonstandardized portions of pci configuration space;
Allow DDI debug ioctl on sbpcd driver;
Allow setting up serial ports;
Allow sending raw qic117 commands;
Allow enabling/disabling tagged queuing on SCSI controllers and sending arbitrary SCSI commands;
Allow setting encryption key on loopback filesystem.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_SYS_BOOT</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_SYS_BOOT">
<i>CAP_SYS_BOOT</i>
Allow use of reboot().
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_SYS_NICE</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_SYS_NICE">
<i>CAP_SYS_NICE</i>
Allow raising priority and setting priority on other (different UID) processes;
Allow use of FIFO and roundrobin (realtime) scheduling on own processes and setting
the scheduling algorithm used by another process.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_SYS_RESOURCE</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_SYS_RESOURCE">
<i>CAP_SYS_RESOURCE</i>
Override resource limits. Set resource limits;
Override quota limits;
Override reserved space on ext2 filesystem;
Modify data journaling mode on ext3 filesystem
(uses journaling resources); NOTE: ext2 honors fsuid when checking for
resource overrides, so you can override using fsuid too;
Override size restrictions on IPC message queues;
Allow more than 64hz interrupts from the realtime clock;
Override max number of consoles on console allocation;
Override max number of keymaps.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_SYS_TIME</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_SYS_TIME">
<i>CAP_SYS_TIME</i>
Allow manipulation of system clock;
Allow irix_stime on mips;
Allow setting the realtime clock.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG">
<i>CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG</i>
Allow configuration of tty devices; Allow vhangup() of tty.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_MKNOD</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_MKNOD">
<i>CAP_MKNOD</i>
Allow the privileged aspects of mknod().
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>CAP_LEASE</title>
<section>
<body>
<pre caption="CAP_LEASE">
<i>CAP_LEASE</i>
Allow taking of leases on files.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
</guide>
|
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