The Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) is a cross-platform print spooler. It makes use of Xpdf code to handle PDF files.
The Decrypt::makeFileKey2 function in Xpdf's Decrypt.cc insufficiently checks boundaries when processing /Encrypt /Length tags in PDF files (GLSA 200501-28).
This issue could be exploited by a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code by sending a malicious print job to a CUPS spooler.
There is no known workaround at this time.
All CUPS users should upgrade to the latest version:
# emerge --sync
# emerge --ask --oneshot --verbose ">=net-print/cups-1.1.23-r1"